Spoke 1 will contribute to the implementation of numerous activities, and its impact will be multidisciplinary thanks to the seamless integration of diverse professional expertise. From a technological perspective, the mapping of relevant clinical databases available for various conditions, their integration into a single platform to feed AI algorithms, and the development of a virtual replica of certain clinical conditions in a digital twin represent a model that can be further expanded and replicated at different scales and for various clinical conditions.

Not only does data integration require data characteristics that enable interoperability—which is essential for several computational applications—but simulations performed using digital twins will also inform biological experiments guided by the relevant clinical questions developed by Spoke 1 for the five selected diseases.

The integration of digital and biological models will be used for recursive experiments that will be instrumental in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the clinical outcomes of the diseases investigated by Spoke 1. This approach will be extremely important for generating new knowledge that can be applied to diagnosis, prevention, risk group stratification, and treatment outcomes for patients affected by one of the five selected diseases.

The management of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, metastatic colorectal cancer, liver cancer, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis still has a number of unmet needs that, if addressed, can help improve the quality of care for these patients and their clinical outcomes.