Pillar 3, with regard to the project itself, will address all three pillars on which the NRRP was built:

1. Digitalization and innovation. Spoke 3 will focus on the development and validation of innovative technologies—including wearable sensors and non-invasive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers—for the management of reference oncological and autoimmune diseases. The use of the proposed innovative technologies and mathematical modeling—specifically in the areas of sensor technology, eHealth, and artificial intelligence techniques—will be based on a virtual network involving the Spoke Leader, Spoke Co-Leader, and Affiliates; activities will be integrated with the ultimate goal of improving the effectiveness and quality of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for the target populations, while reducing costs for the NHS.

2. Ecological transition. The deployment of e-Health solutions will indirectly influence and improve the nation’s ecological transition for the following reasons:

a. Home-based disease monitoring and therapies for the target communities will be promoted, while maintaining patient independence and reducing the inappropriate use of hospital facilities

b. Clinical services will be provided digitally using validated devices

c. the anticipated reduction in the hospitalization rate will lead to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, which are well known to be caused by healthcare operations in hospital facilities and contribute significantly to climate change (currently accounting for nearly 10%)

d. a reduction in “commuting” for health care, both regionally and nationally, resulting in lower CO2 emissions from cars.

3. Social inclusion, particularly with regard to the North-South divide and ensuring equal access to the best care for all citizens. Ultimately, improvements in quality of life and living conditions will benefit citizens across all Italian territories equally. Indeed, access to validated e-Health solutions, knowledge, research, and care—both within and across Italian territories and regions, as well as among people of different socioeconomic backgrounds, genders, and age groups—will be guaranteed. Educational initiatives, aimed at both healthcare professionals and patients, will be implemented as part of the project to ensure the appropriate use and understanding of the technological tools developed and validated in Spoke 3, particularly for the elderly.